@article {1587227,
	title = {Gut-licensed IFNγ+ NK cells drive LAMP1+ TRAIL+ anti-inflammatory astrocytes},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {590},
	number = {7846},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Feb},
	pages = {473-479},
	abstract = {Astrocytes are glial cells that are abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) and that have important homeostatic and disease-promoting functions. However, little is known about the homeostatic anti-inflammatory activities of astrocytes and their regulation. Here, using high-throughput flow cytometry screening, single-cell RNA sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9-based cell-specific in vivo genetic perturbations in mice, we identify a subset of astrocytes that expresses the lysosomal protein LAMP1 and the death receptor ligand TRAIL. LAMP1TRAIL astrocytes limit inflammation in the CNS by inducing T cell apoptosis through TRAIL-DR5 signalling. In homeostatic conditions, the expression of TRAIL in astrocytes is driven by interferon-γ (IFNγ) produced by meningeal natural killer (NK) cells, in which IFNγ expression is modulated by the gut microbiome. TRAIL expression in astrocytes is repressed by molecules produced by T cells and microglia in the context of inflammation. Altogether, we show that LAMP1TRAIL astrocytes limit CNS inflammation by inducing T cell apoptosis, and that this astrocyte subset is maintained by meningeal IFNγ NK cells that are licensed by the microbiome.},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-03116-4},
	author = {Sanmarco, Liliana M and Wheeler, Michael A and Guti{\'e}rrez-V{\'a}zquez, Cristina and Polonio, Carolina Manganeli and Linnerbauer, Mathias and Pinho-Ribeiro, Felipe A and Li, Zhaorong and Giovannoni, Federico and Batterman, Katelyn V and Scalisi, Giulia and Zandee, Stephanie E J and Heck, Evelyn S and Alsuwailm, Moneera and Rosene, Douglas L and Becher, Burkhard and Chiu, Isaac M and Prat, Alexandre and Quintana, Francisco J}
}
